Bioactive compounds in coffee may help maintain skeletal muscle health and reduce the risk of age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, according to a review of 54 studies by Spanish researchers. The review was published in the journal Nutrition and Function.
The researchers examined data from laboratory experiments, animal studies, and human studies. They focused on caffeine, polyphenols, trigonelline, and other compounds found in coffee.
Most preliminary studies have shown that these compounds can improve the function of mitochondria, the cellular structures responsible for energy production. They may also reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, and affect glucose and fat metabolism in muscle tissue. All of these processes are linked to maintaining muscle strength and endurance.
Observational data in humans also suggest a possible link between coffee consumption and a reduced risk of sarcopenia, the age-related decline in muscle mass and strength. Coffee drinkers were also less likely to have frailty syndrome.
However, the authors emphasize that coffee cannot yet be considered a proven preventive measure for age-related muscle loss. The review identifies potentially beneficial mechanisms and statistical associations, but there is still insufficient convincing evidence that coffee directly increases muscle mass or improves physical function in humans.
